June 05, 2021

Vincent van Gogh (1889)

Vincent van Gogh (1889)

1888๋…„ 12์›” ๋นˆ์„ผํŠธ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐฑ๊ณผ ๋‹คํˆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ๋ฉด๋„์นผ๋กœ ์ž๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ท€๋ฅผ ์ž˜๋ผ๋ฒ„๋ ธ๊ณ , ๊ณ ๊ฐฑ๊ณผ์˜ ์ƒํ™œ๋„ ๋์ด๋‚˜์ฃ . ๊ทธ ํ›„ ๋นˆ์„ผํŠธ๋Š” ์ •์‹ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์•„๋ฅผ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณ‘์›์— ์ž…์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Vincent van Gogh (1853–1890), Two Crabs, January 1889, oil on canvas, h 47 x w 61 cm, National Gallery 



๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , 1889๋…„ 5์›”์— ์•„๋ฅผ์—์„œ 30km๋„ ์•ˆ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ ๋ ˆ๋ฏธ(Saint-Rรฉmy)์˜ ์„ธ์ดํŠธ ํด ์š”์–‘์›(Saint-Paul-de-Mausole asylum)์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , 1890๋…„ 5์›”์— ์ƒ ๋ ˆ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚˜ ์˜์‚ฌ ํด ๊ฐ€์ณ‡(Dr Paul Gachet)๊ณผ ๋™์ƒ ํ…Œ์˜ค ๊ทผ์ฒ˜๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 

Vincent van Gogh (1853–1890), Peach Trees in Blossom, April 1889, oil on canvas, 65 x 81 cm, Courtauld Institute of Art, London

๊ณ ํ๋Š” 1888๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1890๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด๋ฅธ ๋ด„์— ๊ฝƒ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๋“ค์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๊ทธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฐœํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์€ ๊ณ ํ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋งˆ์Œ๊ณผ ํฌ๋ง์„ ์‹ฌ์–ด์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฝƒ์ด ํ•€ ๋ณต์ˆญ์•„ ๋‚˜๋ฌด(Peach Trees in Blossom)๋Š” 1889๋…„ 4์›”์— ์™„์„ฑํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋ฅผ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜ ๋ผํฌ๋กœ(La Crau) ํ‰์›์— ๊ฝƒ์ด ํ•€ ๋ณต์ˆญ์•„ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๊ทธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.



Vincent van Gogh (1853–1890), Irises, May 1889, oil on canvas, 71.1 x 93.0 cm, Getty Center, Los Angeles, California (F608) 

๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ ์ƒํ™œํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋นˆ์„ผํŠธ๋Š” ๋ณ‘์›์˜ ์ •์›์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„์ด๋ฆฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ๋‚จ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

1889๋…„ 5์›”์— ์•„์ด๋ฆฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ์ง€์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ์•„์ด๋ฆฌ์Šค(Irises)์™€ ํ•œ ์†ก์ด๋งŒ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ์•„์ด๋ฆฌ์Šค(The Iris)๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 

๋‘ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ผ๋ณธ ์šฐํ‚ค์š”์— ๋ชฉํŒํ™”(ukiyo-e woodblock prints)์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 

์•„์ด๋ฆฌ์Šค(Irises)๋Š” ์•„์ด๋ฆฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ํด๋กœ์ฆˆ์—…ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฐ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์˜ ํ…Œ๋‘๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋ฐ€๋ ค๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋„๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ฐ์… ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ, ์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์Šต์ž‘์ด์—ˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋นˆ์„ผํŠธ์˜ ๋™์ƒ์ธ ํ…Œ์˜ค(Theo)๋Š” ์ด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ 1889๋…„ 9์›” ๋…๋ฆฝ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€ ํ˜‘ํšŒ(Sociรฉtรฉ des Artistes Indรฉpendants)์˜ ์—ฐ๋ก€ ์ „์‹œํšŒ์— ์ถœํ’ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ…Œ์˜ค๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ์ฃ .

"[It] strikes the eye from afar. The Irises are a beautiful study full of air and life."
"(์ด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€) ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ์„œ๋„ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„์—ˆ์–ด. ์•„์ด๋ฆฌ์Šค๋Š” ๊ธฐ์šด๊ณผ ์ƒ๋ช…์ด ๊ฐ€๋“์ฐฌ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด์•ผ."

Vincent van Gogh (1853–1890), Iris, May 1889, oil on cardboard mounted on canvas, 62.2 x 48.3 cm, National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa (F601) 

ํ•œ ์†ก์ด ์•„์ด๋ฆฌ์Šค(The Iris)๋Š” ์•„์ด๋ฆฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์•„์ด๋ฆฌ์Šค๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹ค ํ™œ์ง ํ”ผ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋จผ์ € ํ•€ ์•„์ด๋ฆฌ์Šค ํ•œ ์†ก์ด๋ฅผ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์˜ ํ’€๋“ค์˜ ๋ถ“ํ„ฐ์น˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์น˜ ํ’€๋“ค์ด ์•„์ด๋ฆฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‡์‚ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋А๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


Vincent van Gogh (1853–1890), The Road Menders, May 1889, ์บ”๋ฒ„์Šค์— ์œ ์ฑ„ (oil on canvas), 29 x 36.5 cm,  ํ•„๋ฆฝ์Šค ์ปฌ๋ ‰์…˜ (The Phillips Collection), ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด (Washington, D.C.)



Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890), Field with Poppies, June 1889, oil on canvas, 72 x 91 cm, Kunsthalle Bremen, Bremen 


Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890), Olive Trees / Olive Grove, Saint-Rรฉmy, June 1889, oil on canvas, 73 x 92 cm, The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, Missouri


Vincent van Gogh (1853–1890), Olive Trees with the Alpilles in the Background, June 1889, oil on canvas, 73 x 92 cm, Museum of Modern Art, New York



Vincent van Gogh (1853–1890), Green Wheat Field with Cypress / Green Wheat, June 1889, oil on canvas, 73 x 92.5 cm, National Gallery Prague (Trade Fair Palace)





Vincent van Gogh (1853~1890), The Starry Night, 1889, oil on canvas, 73 x 92 cm, The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), New York





Vincent van Gogh (1853~1890), Le jardinier (Young Peasant), 1889, oil on canvas, 61 x 50 cm, Galleria nazionale d'arte moderna e contemporanea, Rome, Italy



Vincent van Gogh (1853–1890), Peasant woman binding sheaves (after Millet), September 1889, oil on canvas, h 43 x w 33 cm, Van Gogh Museum




Vincent van Gogh (1853–1890), Wheat Field with Cypresses, September 1889, oil on canvas, National Gallery, England, United Kingdom




Vincent van Gogh (1853–1890), Wheatfield with a Reaper, September 1889, oil on canvas, h 73.2 x w 92.7 cm, Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam, Netherlands








๋นˆ์„ผํŠธ ๋ฐ˜ ๊ณ ํ (Vincent van Gogh, 1853–1890), ์žํ™”์ƒ (Self-portrait), 1889, oil on canvas, 57.7 x 44.5 cm, National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C.



Vincent van Gogh (1853–1890), Enclosed Wheat Field with Peasant, Saint-Rรฉmy, early October 1889, oil on canvas, h 73.6 x w 92 cm, Indianapolis Museum of Art



Vincent van Gogh (1853–1890), The garden of Saint Paul's Hospital, October 1889, oil on canvas, h 73.5 x w 60.5 cm, Van Gogh Museum



Vincent van Gogh (1853–1890), Mulberry Tree, Saint-Rรฉmy, October 1889, oil on canvas, h 54 x w 65 cm, Norton Simon Museum, Pasadena, California





Vincent van Gogh (1853~1890), Rain, Saint-Rรฉmy, November 1889, oil on canvas, 73.3 x 92.4 cm, Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America


Vincent van Gogh (1853–1890), Olive Trees: Bright blue sky, Saint-Rรฉmy-de-Provence, November 1889, oil on canvas, h 51 x w 65.2 cm, National Galleries Scotland, Edinburgh





Vincent van Gogh (1853–1890), Garden of the Asylum(Garden of the Hospital Saint-Paul), December 1889, oil on canvas, 71.5 x 90.5 cm, Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam, Netherlands

1889๋…„ 12์›” ๋นˆ์„ผํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘์›์˜ ์ •์›(Garden of the Asylum, 1889) ๋˜๋Š” ์„ฑ ๋ฐ”์˜ค๋กœ ๋ณ‘์›์˜ ์ •์›(Garden of the Hospital Saint-Paul)์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์€ ๋ณ‘์›์˜ ์ •์›์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ์œ ํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋‹น์‹œ ๋นˆ์„ผํŠธ๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ ๋ฒ ๋ฅด๋‚˜๋ฅด์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธ€์ผ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ถ”์ธก๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 

"This dark giant — like a proud man brought low — contrasts, when seen as the character of a living being, with the pale smile of the last rose on the bush, which is fading in front of him. Under the trees, empty stone benches, dark box. The sky is reflected yellow in a puddle after the rain. A ray of sun — the last glimmer — exalts the dark ochre to orange — small dark figures prowl here and there between the trunks."
To Emile Bernard. Saint-Rรฉmy-de-Provence, on or about Tuesday, 26 November 1889.

"์ž๋ถ€์‹ฌ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ชฐ๋ฝํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ด ์–ด๋‘์šด ๊ฑฐ์ธ์€ ๋Œ€๋น„์‹œ์ผœ. ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์กด์žฌ์˜ ์ธ๋ฌผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ผ ๋•Œ ๋ค๋ถˆ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์žฅ๋ฏธ์˜ ์ฐฝ๋ฐฑํ•œ ๋ฏธ์†Œ๋ฅผ. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ์˜ ์•ž์—์„œ ์ ์  ํฌ๋ฏธํ•ด์ง€์ง€์ง€. ๋‚˜๋ฌด ์•„๋ž˜์—์„œ ๋นˆ ๋Œ์˜์ž๋Š” ์–ด๋‘์šด ๋ฐ•์Šค. ํ•˜๋Š˜์€ ๋น„์˜จ ๋’ค ๋ฌผ์›…๋ฉ์ด์— ๋…ธ๋ž—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋˜์ง€. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ํฌ๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋น›๋‚˜๋Š” ํ–‡๋น›์€ ์–ด๋‘์šด ํ™ฉํ† ์ƒ‰์„ ์ฃผํ™ฉ๋น›์œผ๋กœ ๋” ๋‹๋ณด์ด๊ฒŒ ํ•ด. ์ž‘๊ณ  ์–ด๋‘์šด ์ธ๋ฌผ์€ ๋‚˜๋ฌด ๋ชธํ†ต ์‚ฌ์ด๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ €๊ธฐ ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์ง€."
์—๋ฐ€ ๋ฒ ๋ฅด๋‚˜๋ฅด์—๊ฒŒ

์ด ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋นˆ์„ผํŠธ๋Š” ์ƒ‰์ƒ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๋А๋‚Œ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์กฐํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ์ƒ‰๊ณผ ๋Œ€์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ์ƒ‰์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์— ๊ฐ๋™์„ ๋”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


Vincent van Gogh (1853–1890), The Olive Orchard, December 1889, oil on canvas, 73 x 92 cm, National Galery of Art, Washington, D.C.



Vincent van Gogh (1853–1890), Olive pickers, Saint-Rรฉmy, December 1889, oil on canvas, h 73 x w 92 cm, Athens



Vincent van Gogh (1853–1890), Path in Saint-Remy with Female Figure, Saint-Rรฉmy, December 1889, oil on canvas, h 32.5 x w 40.5 cm, Private collection(Lausanne)


Vincent van Gogh (1853–1890), The white cottage among the olive trees, Saint-Rรฉmy, December 1889, oil on canvas, h 70 x w 60 cm, Private collection, Japan




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