March 08, 2022

Skoklosters slott, Hรฅbo, SE

Skoklosters slott, Hรฅbo, Sweden

Skokloster Castle

์Šค์ฝ”ํด๋กœ์Šคํ„ฐ ์„ฑ


์Šค์ฝ”ํด๋กœ์Šคํ„ฐ ์„ฑ์€ ์Šค์›จ๋ด์˜ ์Šคํ†กํ™€๋กฌ(Stockholm)๊ณผ ์›์‚ด๋ผ(Uppsala) ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœํฌ ์„ฑ(Baroque castle)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


์นผ ๊ตฌ์Šคํƒ€ํ”„ ๋ธŒ๋ž‘์—˜(Carl Gustaf Wrangel, 1613-1676)์— ์˜ํ•ด 1654๋…„์—์„œ 1676๋…„ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ง€์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


1970๋…„๋Œ€์— ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํšŒํ™”(paintings), ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ(furniture), ์ง๋ฌผ(textiles), ์‹๊ธฐ๋ฅ˜(tableware), ๋„์„œ(books), ๋ฌด๊ธฐ(weapons) ๋“ฑ 2๋งŒ์—ฌ์ ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๊ณผ ์œ ๋ฌผ์„ ์ „์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


์†Œ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๋“ค ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๊ฑฐ์žฅ ์ฃผ์„ธํŽ˜ ์•„๋ฅด์นจ๋ณผ๋„(Giuseppe Arcimboldo, 1526/1527-1593)์˜ ๋ฒ ๋ฅดํˆผ๋ˆ„์Šค(Vertumnus)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


Skoklosters slott, Hรฅbo, Sweden. Wikimedia Commons under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license. Author: Holger.Ellgaard 


Skokloster vapenkammare. Wikimedia Commons under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. Author: Holger.Ellgaard


Frans Floris (1519-1570), Allegory of Music, c. 1570, oil on canvas, 89 x 110 cm, Skokloster Castle, Hรฅbo, Sweden


Frans Floris (1519-1570)

Frans Floris (1519-1570)

Frans Floris the Elder

Frans Floris de Vriendt 

ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ์Šค


ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋Š” ๋ฒจ๊ธฐ์— ์•ˆํŠธ๋ฒ ๋ฅดํŽœ(Antwerp)์—์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ”Œ๋ž‘๋“œ๋ฅด์˜ ํ™”๊ฐ€(Flemish painter)์ด์ž ์ œ๋„๊ณต(draughtsman), ํŒํ™”๊ฐ€(print artist), ํƒœํ”ผ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ(tapestry designer)์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 


์—ญ์‚ฌํ™”(history paintings), ์•Œ๋ ˆ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ(allegorical scenes), ์ดˆ์ƒํ™”(portraits) ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 


๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ถ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๋ฅด๋„ค์ƒ์Šค ํšŒํ™”์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋กœ๋งˆ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ(Romanists)์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„œ ๋ฏธ์ผˆ๋ž€์ œ๋กœ(Michelangelo), ๋ผํŒŒ์—˜(Raphael) ๋“ฑ ์ „์„ฑ๊ธฐ ๋ฅด๋„ค์ƒ์Šค ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด์„œ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๋ถ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ํšŒํ™”์— ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„ ํ™”ํ’์ด ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


Frans Floris (1519-1570), Allegory of Music, c. 1570, oil on canvas, 89 x 110 cm, Skokloster Castle, Hรฅbo, Sweden



March 07, 2022

Museo Horne, Florence

Museo Horne, Florence

ํ˜ผ ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€


ํ˜ผ ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€(Museo Horne)์€ ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„ ํ”ผ๋ Œ์ฒด์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ 14์„ธ๊ธฐ์™€ 15์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ฏธ์ˆ  ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ์œ„์ฃผ๋กœ ์†Œ์žฅ ๋ฐ ์ „์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


Dosso Dossi (c. 1489-1542), Allegory of Music, c. 1522/1530s, oil on canvas, 196 x 187 cm, Museo Horne, Florence


Museo Horne, Florence, IT

Museo Horne, Florence

ํ˜ผ ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€


ํ˜ผ ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€(Museo Horne)์€ ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„ ํ”ผ๋ Œ์ฒด์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ 14์„ธ๊ธฐ์™€ 15์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ฏธ์ˆ  ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ์œ„์ฃผ๋กœ ์†Œ์žฅ ๋ฐ ์ „์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


Museo Horne. Wikimedia Commons under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. Attribution: Sailko


Dosso Dossi (c. 1489-1542), Allegory of Music, c. 1522/1530s, oil on canvas, 196 x 187 cm, Museo Horne, Florence



Sakฤฑp Sabancฤฑ Museum, Istanbul, Turkey

Sakฤฑp Sabancฤฑ Mรผzesi

Sakฤฑp Sabancฤฑ Museum, Istanbul, Turkey

์‚ฌํฌ๋ธŒ์‚ฌ๋ฐ˜์ฆˆ๋ฎค์ œ์‹œ

์‚ฌํฌ๋ธŒ์‚ฌ๋ฐ˜์ฆˆ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€


์‚ฌํฌ๋ธŒ์‚ฌ๋ฐ˜์ฆˆ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์€ ํ„ฐํ‚ค ์ด์Šคํƒ„๋ถˆ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ 2002๋…„ ๊ฐœ๊ด€ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


์ด๊ณณ์€ ์˜ค์Šค๋งŒ ์‹œ๋Œ€(Ottoman era)์˜ ํšŒํ™”, ์„œ์˜ˆ(calligraphic art), ์ข…๊ต ๋ฐ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์„œ(religious and state documents) ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


Halil Pasha (1857–1939), Girl Painter and Her Studio, 1939, 41 x 33 cm, Sakฤฑp Sabancฤฑ Museum


Sakฤฑp Sabancฤฑ Mรผzesi, TK

Sakฤฑp Sabancฤฑ Mรผzesi

Sakฤฑp Sabancฤฑ Museum, Istanbul, Turkey

์‚ฌํฌ๋ธŒ์‚ฌ๋ฐ˜์ฆˆ๋ฎค์ œ์‹œ

์‚ฌํฌ๋ธŒ์‚ฌ๋ฐ˜์ฆˆ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€


์‚ฌํฌ๋ธŒ์‚ฌ๋ฐ˜์ฆˆ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์€ ํ„ฐํ‚ค ์ด์Šคํƒ„๋ถˆ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ 2002๋…„ ๊ฐœ๊ด€ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


์ด๊ณณ์€ ์˜ค์Šค๋งŒ ์‹œ๋Œ€(Ottoman era)์˜ ํšŒํ™”, ์„œ์˜ˆ(calligraphic art), ์ข…๊ต ๋ฐ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์„œ(religious and state documents) ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


Sakip Sabanci Museum, Istanbul, Turkey. Wikimedia Commons under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. Author: Edal

Halil Pasha (1857–1939), Girl Painter and Her Studio, 1939, 41 x 33 cm, Sakฤฑp Sabancฤฑ Museum


Halil Pasha (1857–1939)

Halil Pasha (1857–1939)

ํ• ๋ฆด ํŒŒ์ƒค 


ํ• ๋ฆด ํŒŒ์ƒค๋Š” ํ„ฐํ‚ค์˜ ํ™”๊ฐ€์ด์ž ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ„ฐํ‚ค ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์ธ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜์ž ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


๊ทธ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฌ˜์™€ ํšŒํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ต์œก์„ Mรผhendishane-i Berrรฎ-i Hรผmรขyรปn(Military School of Engineering)์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ์˜ ์ด์Šคํƒ„๋ถˆ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต(Istanbul Technical University)๋กœ, ํ• ๋ฆด ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ„ฐํ‚ค์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์„œ์–‘ํ™”๊ฐ€๋“ค ์ƒ๋‹น์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ด๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


์กธ์—… ํ›„ Military School์˜ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋กœ ์žˆ๋˜ ํ• ๋ฆด์€ 1880๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์•ฝ 8๋…„๊ฐ„ ์žฅ ๋ ˆ์˜น ์ œ๋กฌ(Jean-Lรฉon Gรฉrรดme)์˜ ํ™”์‹ค์—์„œ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1889๋…„ ๋งŒ๊ตญ๋ฐ•๋žŒํšŒ์—์„œ ๋ฉ”๋‹ฌ์„ ๋”ฐ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ„ฐํ‚ค๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ๋„ Military School์˜ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋กœ ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ทธ๋Š” 1906๋…„ ์‹ ๋ถ„์ด ๋†’์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ๋˜ Pasha๋ผ๋Š” ์นญํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


Halil Pasha (1857–1939), Girl Painter and Her Studio, 1939, 41 x 33 cm, Sakฤฑp Sabancฤฑ Museum


Sorolla Museum, Madrid, Spain

Museo Sorolla

Sorolla Museum, Madrid, Spain

์†Œ๋กœ์•ผ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€

์†Œ๋กœ์•ผ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€


์†Œ๋กœ์•ผ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€์€ ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋งˆ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋“œ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํ˜ธ์•„ํ‚จ ์†Œ๋กœ์•ผ(Joaquรญn Sorolla, 1863–1923)์™€ ๊ทธ์˜ ๋”ธ ์—˜๋ ˆ๋‚˜ ์†Œ๋กœ์•ผ(Elena Sorolla, 1895-1975)๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์€ ์›๋ž˜ ์†Œ๋กœ์•ผ์˜ ์ €ํƒ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ํ˜ธ์•„ํ‚จ ์†Œ๋กœ์•ผ์˜ ๋ถ€์ธ์ด ์ฃฝ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์กฐ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


Joaquรญn Sorolla (1863–1923), Self Portrait, 1909, Sorolla Museum(Museo Sorolla)


Museo Sorolla, Madrid, ES

Museo Sorolla

Sorolla Museum, Madrid, Spain

์†Œ๋กœ์•ผ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€

์†Œ๋กœ์•ผ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€


์†Œ๋กœ์•ผ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€์€ ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋งˆ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋“œ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํ˜ธ์•„ํ‚จ ์†Œ๋กœ์•ผ(Joaquรญn Sorolla, 1863–1923)์™€ ๊ทธ์˜ ๋”ธ ์—˜๋ ˆ๋‚˜ ์†Œ๋กœ์•ผ(Elena Sorolla, 1895-1975)๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์€ ์›๋ž˜ ์†Œ๋กœ์•ผ์˜ ์ €ํƒ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ํ˜ธ์•„ํ‚จ ์†Œ๋กœ์•ผ์˜ ๋ถ€์ธ์ด ์ฃฝ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์กฐ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


Faรงade of Sorolla Museum. Wikimedia Commons under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, 2.5 Generic, 2.0 Generic and 1.0 Generic license. Attribution: Luis Garcรญa

Joaquรญn Sorolla (1863–1923), Self Portrait, 1909, Sorolla Museum(Museo Sorolla)


Joaquรญn Sorolla (1863–1923)

Joaquรญn Sorolla (1863–1923)

Joaquรญn Sorolla y Bastida

ํ˜ธ์•„ํ‚จ ์†Œ๋กœ์•ผ


ํ˜ธ์•„ํ‚จ ์†Œ๋กœ์•ผ๋Š” ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋ฐœ๋ Œ์‹œ์•„์—์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ํ™”๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ดˆ์ƒํ™”(portraits)์™€ ํ’๊ฒฝํ™”(landscapes)์— ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์˜ ๋ˆˆ๋ถ€์‹  ํƒœ์–‘๊ณผ ํ–‡์‚ด์ด ๋น›๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ํ’๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์˜ ํŠน์ง•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ์ธ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ํ™”๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๊ณ , ์•ผ์™ธ์—์„œ ์ง์ ‘ ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์™ธ๊ด‘ํšŒํ™”(ๅค–ๅ…‰็นช็•ต) ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


์ดˆ์ƒํ™”๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋˜ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ดˆ์ƒํ™” ์˜๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ˆ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ด์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ ์˜ ์ดˆ์ƒํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญํžˆ์ŠคํŒจ๋‹‰ํ˜‘ํšŒ(Hispanic Society of America)๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„ 1909๋…„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ํƒœํ”„ํŠธ์˜ ์ดˆ์ƒํ™”(the Portrait of Mr. Taft, President of the United States)๋กœ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ๋ถ™์—ฌ์ง„ ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ์ดˆ์ƒํ™”๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ ๋ฐฑ์•…๊ด€์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋ ค์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์˜คํ•˜์ด์˜ค์ฃผ ์‹ ์‹œ๋„คํ‹ฐ์‹œ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํƒœํ”„ํŠธ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€(Taft Museum of Art in Cincinnati, Ohio)์— ์ „์‹œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


๊ทธ๋Š” ์—ญ์‹œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญํžˆ์ŠคํŒจ๋‹‰ํ˜‘ํšŒ(Hispanic Society of America)๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์˜ ํ’์Šต๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•œ ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ์ง€๋ฐฉ(Provinces of Spain, 1911-1918) ์—ฐ์ž‘ ๋ฒฝํ™”(murals)๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ 1926๋…„์— ๋ฌธ์„ ์—ฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญํžˆ์ŠคํŒจ๋‹‰ํ˜‘ํšŒ ์†Œ๋กœ์•ผ๋ฐฉ(Sorolla Room)์— ์ „์‹œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 


Joaquรญn Sorolla (1863–1923), Self Portrait, 1909, Sorolla Museum(Museo Sorolla)