May 01, 2021

Joseph Ducreux (1735-1802)

Joseph Ducreux (1735–1802)
์กฐ์ œํ”„ ๋’คํฌ๋ขฐ

์กฐ์ œํ”„ ๋’คํฌ๋ขฐ(Joseph Ducreux, 1735–1802), Portrait of ร‰lisabeth of France (1764-1794), 1768, pastel on parchment, 80x63cm, Palace of Versailles(Chรขteau de Versailles), Versailles, Yvelines, France


์กฐ์ œํ”„ ๋’คํฌ๋ขฐ(Joseph Ducreux, 1735–1802), Archduchess Maria Antonia of Austria, the later Queen Marie Antoinette of France, 1769, pastel on parchment, 64.8x49.5cm, Palace of Versailles(Chรขteau de Versailles), Versailles, Yvelines, France

์กฐ์ œํ”„ ๋’คํฌ๋ขฐ(Joseph Ducreux, 1735–1802), Portrait of Louis XVI of France, 1792~1793, pencil and chalk on paper, 49.5x30cm, Musรฉe Carnavalet, Paris, France

์กฐ์ œํ”„ ๋’คํฌ๋ขฐ(Joseph Ducreux, 1735–1802), ํ•˜ํ’ˆํ•˜๋Š” ์žํ™”์ƒ(Self-Portrait, Yawning), 1783, oil on canvas, 114.3x88.9cm, Getty Center, Los Angeles, California

์กฐ์ œํ”„ ๋’คํฌ๋ขฐ(Joseph Ducreux, 1735–1802), ๋‘๋ ต๊ณ  ๋†€๋ž€ ํ‘œ์ •์˜ ์žํ™”์ƒ(Autoportrait en homme surpris et terrorisรฉ huile sur toile, sans cadre), 1790๊ฒฝ, oil on canvas, 91.5x73.3cm, Private collection

์กฐ์ œํ”„ ๋’คํฌ๋ขฐ(Joseph Ducreux, 1735–1802), ์™ธ๋กœ์šด ํ™”๊ฐ€์˜ ์ดˆ์ƒ(Portrait of the desolate artist), 1791, ์—์นญ(Etching)


์กฐ์ œํ”„ ๋’คํฌ๋ขฐ(Joseph Ducreux, 1735–1802), ๋น„์›ƒ๋Š” ํ‘œ์ •์˜ ์žํ™”์ƒ(Self-portrait of the artist in the guise of a mocker), 1791, oil on canvas, 91x72cm, Musรฉe de la Rรฉvolution franรงaise, Vizille, France

์กฐ์ œํ”„ ๋’คํฌ๋ขฐ(Joseph Ducreux, 1735–1802), ๋†€๋ผ๋Š” ํ‘œ์ •์˜ ์žํ™”์ƒ(Selfportrait, called La Surprise), 1790๋…„๋Œ€, oil on canvas, 65.2x51.2cm, Nationalmuseum, Stockholm, Sweden



์กฐ์ œํ”„ ๋’คํฌ๋ขฐ(Joseph Ducreux, 1735–1802), ์žํ™”์ƒ, ์กฐ์šฉ(Self-portrait, The Silence), 1790๋…„๋Œ€, oil on canvas, 66.5x52.5cm, Nationalmuseum, Stockholm, Sweden 

์กฐ์ œํ”„ ๋’คํฌ๋ขฐ(Joseph Ducreux, 1735–1802), ์žํ™”์ƒ, ์‰ฟ(Self-portrait, Le discret), 1795, Spencer Museum of Art, Lawrence, Kansas

Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit

Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit 

William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1825~1905), Les Noisettes(The Nut Gatherers), 1882, oil on canvas, 87.6x134cm, Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, United States of America

Paul Cรฉzanne (1839–1906), Baigneuses(Bathers), 1879-1880, oil on canvas, 34.6 x 38.1 cm, Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, United States of America

Vincent van Gogh (1853–1890), ์žํ™”์ƒ(Self-portrait with Straw Hat), 1887, oil on cardboard mounted on panel, 34.9 x 26.7 cm, Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, United States of America

Diego Rivera (1886-1957), Overview of Detroit Industry, North Wall, 1932-1933, fresco, Detroit Institute of Arts

Musรฉe des Beaux-arts de Montrรฉal

๋ชฌํŠธ๋ฆฌ์˜ฌ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€
Montreal Museum of Fine Arts
Musรฉe des Beaux-arts de Montrรฉal

William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1825~1905), Self-portrait of the Artist, 1879, oil on canvas, 46x38cm, Musรฉe des Beaux-arts de Montrรฉal, Montreal

James Pradier (1790–1852)

์žฅ ์žํฌ ํ”„๋ผ๋””์—
Jean Jacques Pradier
์ž๋ฉ” ํ”„๋ผ๋””์—
James Pradier (1790–1852) 

James Pradier (1790–1852), Nyssia, 1848, Pentelic Greek marble, 292x80x56cm, Musรฉe Fabre, Montpellier

Gyges of Lydia

Gyges of Lydia

Jean-Lรฉon Gรฉrรดme (1824–1904), Le roi Candaules(King Candaules), 1859, oil on canvas, 67x100.1cm, Museo de Arte de Ponce, Puerto Rico, United States of America

Nyssia

Nyssia 

James Pradier (1790–1852), Nyssia, 1848, Pentelic Greek marble, 292x80x56cm, Musรฉe Fabre, Montpellier

Jean-Lรฉon Gรฉrรดme (1824–1904), Le roi Candaules(King Candaules), 1859, oil on canvas, 67x100.1cm, Museo de Arte de Ponce, Puerto Rico, United States of America

Candaules

Candaules

Jean-Lรฉon Gรฉrรดme (1824–1904), Le roi Candaules(King Candaules), 1859, oil on canvas, 67x100.1cm, Museo de Arte de Ponce, Puerto Rico, United States of America

Jean-Lรฉon Gรฉrรดme (1824–1904)

์žฅ ๋ ˆ์˜น ์ œ๋กฌ
Jean-Lรฉon Gรฉrรดme (1824–1904) 

Jean-Lรฉon Gรฉrรดme (1824–1904), Le roi Candaules(King Candaules), 1859, oil on canvas, 67x100.1cm, Museo de Arte de Ponce, Puerto Rico, United States of America

Jean-Lรฉon Gรฉrรดme (1824–1904), Le Marchรฉ d'esclaves (The Slave Market), circa 1866, oil on canvas, 84.8 x 63.5 cm, Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute, Williamstown, MA, United States

Jean-Lรฉon Gรฉrรดme (1824–1904), Truth Coming Out of Her Well (La Vรฉritรฉ sortant du puits), 1896, oil on canvas  91 x 72 cm, Musรฉe Anne de Beaujeu, Moulins

์•Œ์•„๋‘๋ฉด ์ž˜๋‚œ ์ฒ™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋”ฑ ์ข‹์€ ๋ผํ‹ด์–ด ๊ฒฉ์–ธ์ง‘ (๊น€๋Œ€์›…, ์ž„๊ฒฝ๋ฏผ)

์•Œ์•„๋‘๋ฉด ์ž˜๋‚œ ์ฒ™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋”ฑ ์ข‹์€ ๋ผํ‹ด์–ด ๊ฒฉ์–ธ์ง‘
๋ฐ์‹œ๋ฐ๋ฆฌ์œ„์Šค ์—๋ผ์Šค๋ฎˆ์Šค ์›์ž‘
๋กœ๋ฒ„ํŠธ ๋ธ”๋žœ๋“œ ์—ฎ์Œ
๊น€๋Œ€์›…, ์ž„๊ฒฝ๋ฏผ ์˜ฎ๊น€
๋…ธ๋งˆ๋“œ

๋…ธ๋งˆ๋“œ์˜ ์ž˜๋‚œ ์ฒ™ ์ธ๋ฌธํ•™ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ๋ผํ‹ด์–ด ๊ฒฉ์–ธ์ง‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 

์—๋ผ์Šค๋ฎˆ์Šค(Desiderius Erasmus)๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค, ๋กœ๋งˆ์˜ ์ฒ ํ•™๊ฐ€, ์ž‘๊ฐ€, ์ •์น˜๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ๋ช…์–ธ์„ ๋ชจ์•„์„œ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ฒฉ์–ธ์ง‘ ์•„๋‹ค์ง€์•„(Adagia)๋ฅผ ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1500๋…„ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ '๊ณ ์ „ ๊ฒฉ์–ธ์ง‘(Collectanea Adagiorum)'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ œ๋ชฉ์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์„ ๋ณด์ธ ์ด ์ฑ…์€ ์ดํ›„ ์ฆ๋ณดํŒ์ด ์ด์–ด์ง€๋ฉฐ, ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ 4,151๊ฐœ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ด ๋‹ด๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , 1814๋…„ ๋กœ๋ฒ„ํŠธ ๋ธ”๋žœ๋“œ(Robert Bland)๋Š” ์—๋ผ์Šค๋ฎˆ์Šค์˜ ์•„๋‹ค์ง€์•„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ 'Proverbs, Chiefly Taken From the Adagia of Erasmus(1814, Volume 1-2)'๋ฅผ ํŽด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด ์ฑ…, ๋ผํ‹ด์–ด ๊ฒฉ์–ธ์ง‘์€ ๋กœ๋ฒ„ํŠธ ๋ธ”๋žœ๋“œ์˜ ์ฑ…์—์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ์—๋„ ์œ ํšจํ•œ ๊ธ€๋“ค์„ ๋ฝ‘์•„์„œ ์—ฎ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ์—๋„ ์œ ํšจํ•œ ๊ธ€๋“ค์„ ๋ฐœ์ทŒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ ๋Š” ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ณ ์ „ ๊ฒฉ์–ธ์ง‘์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ด ๋˜๋‹ค ๋ณด๋‹ˆ ์•„๋ฌด๋ž˜๋„ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๋А๋‚Œ์ด ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒฉ์–ธ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์™€ ๋‹ฟ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋”ฐ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋„ ๋ถ„๋ช…์žˆ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ผํ‹ด์–ด ๊ฒฉ์–ธ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ๋” ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ผํ‹ด์–ด ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์กด์žฌ๋Š” ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ณ ์ „ ๋ฌธ์„œ๋‚˜ ์ข…๊ต์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹ค์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”. ์กด์žฌ๋Š” ํ•˜๋˜ ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ์–ด๋ ค์šด.

๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๋ผํ‹ด์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋‚œ ์ฒ™ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋”ฑ ์ข‹์€ ์–ธ์–ด์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด๋ณด์ด๋Š”. 

์ฑ…์€ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์— ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ฝํžˆ๋Š” ์ฑ…์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ค„๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์ฑ…๋“ค์ด ํ”ํžˆ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ . ์ฝ์œผ๋ ค๋ฉด ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ตณ์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€๋„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™€๋‹ฟ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ํ›…ํ›… ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ง˜์— ๋“ค๋ฉด ์ž ์‹œ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ญ‰ ์ด์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ๋ณด๋‹ˆ ๋ชฉ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ด€์‹ฌ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ์—์„œ ๋ง˜์— ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„๋กœ ์•„๋ฌด ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋‚˜ ํŽผ์ณ์„œ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋„ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์š”์ฆ˜ ์ฃผ์œ„์— ํž˜๋“ค์–ด ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ฑ…์— ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒฉ์–ธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ• ๊นŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ถˆํ–‰ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋‚ด์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ถˆํ–‰ํ•˜๋žด
Destitutus Ventis, Remos adhibe
Worse luck now, better another time

์ด ๊ธ€์€ ์ถœํŒ์‚ฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋„์„œ๋ฅผ ํ˜‘์ฐฌ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ฃผ๊ด€์ ์ธ ๊ฒฌํ•ด์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ž‘์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


#๋ผํ‹ด์–ด๊ฒฉ์–ธ์ง‘ #์—๋ผ์Šค๋ฎˆ์Šค #๋กœ๋ฒ„ํŠธ๋ธ”๋žœ๋“œ #๊น€๋Œ€์›… #์ž„๊ฒฝ๋ฏผ #๋…ธ๋งˆ๋“œ #์ปฌ์ฒ˜๋ธ”๋ฃธ #์ปฌ์ฒ˜๋ธ”๋ฃธ๋ฆฌ๋ทฐ๋‹จ 

์—„์นœ์•„

์—„์นœ์•„

์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ ๊ธธ์—์„œ ํ•œ ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ์—„๋งˆํ•œํ…Œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

"์—„๋งˆ, ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์—„์นœ์•„๋ž˜์š”."

์•„์ด ๋ง์— ์•  ์—„๋งˆ๋Š” ์˜์™ธ๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

"๋„ค๊ฐ€? ์–ด์งธ์„œ?"

์—„๋งˆ์˜ ๋ง์— ์•„์ด๋Š” ์ฒœ์ง„๋‚œ๋งŒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์›ƒ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ง์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

"๋‚˜ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ณต๋ถ€ ์ž˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ์• ๋“ค์€ ๋‚˜๋งŒํผ ๋†€์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ๋‚˜๋งŒํผ ๋…ธ๋Š” ์• ๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ œ์ผ ์ž˜ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”."

๊ทธ ๋ง์— ์•„์ด์˜ ์—„๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์—„๋งˆ์˜€๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ณต๋ถ€ ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ๋†€๊ณ ๋‚˜์„œ ๋…ธ๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ œ์ผ ์ž˜ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์— ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฌ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ชจ์ž ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉฐ ์•„์ด ๋ง์— ๊ณต๊ฐ์ด ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž๊ธฐ์ผ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ๋†€ ์ค„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑฐ๊ธด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ปธ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์„ฑ์‹คํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๋ถ€๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์•„์ด๋ณด๋‹ค ์„ฑ์ ์ด ์ตœ๊ณ ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์–ด๋„ ์ž˜ ๋†€๊ณ , ์ฆ๊ฒ๊ฒŒ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ํ˜• ์ธ์žฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋งˆ์•ฝ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋„๋ฐ•์„ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์™ธ์— ๊ฐ์ข… ์ผํƒˆ ๋ฐ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋Š” ์ž˜ ๋…ผ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๋งŽ์ด ๋†€๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•ด๋„ ์ž˜ ๋†€ ์ค„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ๋„ ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์—„์นœ์•„๋ƒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ƒ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์—„์นœ์•„๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์ด ๊ท€์—ฌ์šฐ๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ์ €๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.