October 06, 2018

์š”์ƒˆ, ๋‚จ์–‘์ฃผ

์š”์ƒˆ, ๋‚จ์–‘์ฃผ

์นดํŽ˜
์ฃผ์†Œ: ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋„ ๋‚จ์–‘์ฃผ์‹œ ์™€๋ถ€์ ๊ฒฝ๊ฐ•๋กœ926๋ฒˆ๊ธธ 38

๋‚จ์–‘์ฃผ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ํ•œ๊ฐ•์ด ๋‚ด๋ ค๋‹ค ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์น˜ ์ข‹์€ ์นดํŽ˜.

์ฃผ์ฐจํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ต๊ณ , ์ปคํ”ผ ๋ง›๋„ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ทฐ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„์„œ ๋งŽ์ด๋“ค ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด๊ณ , ๊ณ„๋‹จ์„ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€๋ฉด ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ ๋„๋กœ ์˜† ๊ธธ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ•์„ ๋ณด๋ฉฐ ์‚ฐ์ฑ…ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํž๋ง ์นดํŽ˜๋ผ๋Š”ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ์ž˜ ๋งž๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด์ฃ .














October 04, 2018

๋ณ„๋‚œ๋ฒ„์„ฏ์ง‘, ํ•˜๋‚จ

๋ณ„๋‚œ๋ฒ„์„ฏ์ง‘, ํ•˜๋‚จ

์ฃผ์†Œ: ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋‚จ์‹œ ์ดˆ๊ด‘๋กœ 74

๋งค์ฝคํ•œ ๋นจ๊ฐ„ ๋ฒ„์„ฏ์œก๊ฐœ์žฅ๊ณผ ๋ง‘์€ ๋ฒ„์„ฏํƒ•์ด ๋ง›์žˆ๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚จ์˜ ๋ฒ„์„ฏ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์†๋‹˜๋“ค์˜ ์—ฐ๋ น๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์ข€ ๋†’์€ ํŽธ์ด๋‚˜, ๋ฒ„์„ฏ๋งŒ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋ฉด ์—ฐ๋ น๋Œ€ ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ์ฆ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งค์šด๋ง›์˜ ์œก๊ฐœ์žฅ์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋งต์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ฒ„์„ฏํƒ•๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋ฒ„์„ฏ์€ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋ฒ„์„ฏ๋งค์šดํƒ•์„ ์ฆ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.





October 03, 2018

๋‹ฅํ„ฐ๋กœ๋นˆ ํ‘์„์ 

๋‹ฅํ„ฐ๋กœ๋นˆ ํ‘์„์ 

์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์Œ์‹
์ฃผ์†Œ: ์„œ์šธํŠน๋ณ„์‹œ ๋™์ž‘๊ตฌ ํ˜„์ถฉ๋กœ 124 1, 2F

๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์Œ์‹์„ ํ‘œ๋ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์Œ์‹์  ๋‹ฅํ„ฐ๋กœ๋นˆ์˜ ํ‘์„์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ฃผ์ฐจ๋Š” ๋ฐœ๋ ˆ์ฃผ์ฐจ๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ๋ฐ, ์‹๋‹น ์•ˆ์—์„œ์˜ ์ฃผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ž๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์นด์šดํ„ฐ์—์„œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์„คํƒ•๊ณผ MSG๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ํŠ€๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์Œ์‹์„ ๋‚ด์„ธ์šฐ๋‹ค ๋ณด๋‹ˆ ๋ง›์ด ์‹ฌ์‹ฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ ์šฐ๋ คํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ... ๋ง›์ด ์‹ฌ์‹ฌํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฉ”๋‰ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•ด์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฉ”๋‰ด๋„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.





October 01, 2018

๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์ˆœํ™˜์  ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๋ณ€ํ™”

๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์ˆœํ™˜์  ๋ณ€ํ™”(cyclical change)์™€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๋ณ€ํ™”(structural change)

□ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ~์ค‘๊ธฐ: ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ

์–ผ๋งˆ ์ „ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ณจ๋“œ๋งŒ ์‚ญ์Šค์˜ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ 'Still Mid-Cycle'์—์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ›„๋ฐ˜๋ถ€(late-cycle)๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜๋ถ€(mid-late)๋กœ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํ™•์žฅ๊ธฐ(expansion)๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (1)์ž„๊ธˆ ์ƒ์Šน๋ฅ (wage growth)๊ณผ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šน๋ฅ (core inflation)์ด ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ์˜ค๋ฒ„์ŠˆํŒ…(inflation overshoot)์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์˜ฌ๋ผ์˜ค์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, (2)๋ฏผ๊ฐ„๋ถ€๋ฌธ๊ธˆ์œต์ˆ˜์ง€(private sector financial balance)๊ฐ€ ๊ธˆ์œต ์˜ค๋ฒ„์ŠˆํŒ…(financial overshoot)์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๊ฑด์ „ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ . ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†๋  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ํ›„๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ง„์ž…ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ์—ด์–ด๋†“์€ ์ƒํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

□ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ~์ค‘๊ธฐ: Synthetic CDO

์ข€ ๋œฌ๊ธˆ์—†์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ... ๊ธˆ์œต์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์–ด๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์„ธ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์™ธํˆฌ์ž์˜ ์ฃผ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€๊ฐ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ, ๊ตญ๋‚ด์— Synthetic CDO๋ฅผ ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๋Š” ํˆฌ์ž์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด Synthetic CDO๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์•Œ์ง€๋„ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๋Š”... ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•ด์ค€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ์–ด๋”˜์ง€ ๋ฐํžˆ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ... ์‹คํŒจ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ตํ›ˆ์„ ์–ป์€ ์„ธ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜๊ณ , ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ์„ธ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋๋ฌผ์— ๋‹ค๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ƒ๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๋ง๋ถ™์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

□ ์ค‘๊ธฐ~์žฅ๊ธฐ: ์ธ๋”์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ์–ผ

์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ ์‹œ์žฅ์€ ๋ช‡๋…„ ์ „ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ „์ž์ƒ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ์•„๋งˆ์กด ๋“ฑ ์ „์ž์ƒ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ๋ฐ ๋ฌผ๋ฅ˜ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๋“ฑ์žฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฐ์—…์‹œ์„ค(industrial)์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฅ˜์‹œ์„ค(logistics)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 

์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ธ๋”์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ์–ผ์ด ๋œฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ธ”๋ž™์Šคํ†ค์ด ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ์ง€ 4~5๋…„ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๊ณ , ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋Š” 1~2๋…„ ์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋งŽ์ด ํšŒ์ž๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋„ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์‹œ์žฅ ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์ฃ . 

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฌผ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ธ‰๋ณ€์„ ์ ์น˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ์ง€ ์ข€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 

3D ํ”„๋ฆฐํŒ… ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๊ทธ ์ฃผ ๋™์ธ(ๅ‹•ๅ› )์œผ๋กœ ์–ธ๊ธ‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ ค์ด๋ฉฐ ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์—†์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณ„, ํŠนํžˆ ์ธ๋”์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ์–ผ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„ ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์‹ ์„ ์‹ํ’ˆ ๋“ฑ ์‹๋ฃŒํ’ˆ ๋ฅ˜์™€ ํฌํ† ๋ฅ˜๋‚˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์†Œ์žฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ฒจ๋‹จ ์ œํ’ˆ ๋“ฑ์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋œ ๋ฐ›๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋น„๊ต์  ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์ œํ’ˆ ๋“ฑ ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 3D ํ”„๋ฆฐํŒ… ํ—ˆ๋ธŒ๊นŒ์ง€ ์›์žฌ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์†ก๋˜๊ณ , ์ตœ์ข… ์†Œ๋น„์ž๊ฐ€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋‚˜ ํ•ธ๋“œํฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ 3D ํ”„๋ฆฐํŒ… ์ƒต์œผ๋กœ ๋งž์ถคํ˜• ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์‹œํ‚จ ํ›„, ์ตœ์ข… ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ๋ฐฐ์†ก๋ฐ›๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜๋ นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ „๋ง์ด์ฃ .

์ˆ˜๋…„ ๋‚ด ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ํˆฌ์žํ˜ธํก์ด ๊ธด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

□ ์ค‘๊ธฐ~์žฅ๊ธฐ: ์ธํ”„๋ผ์ŠคํŠธ๋Ÿญ์ฒ˜

์ตœ๊ทผ ํ•ด์™ธ ํˆฌ์žํ•œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ธํ”„๋ผ ํŽ€๋“œ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ๊ฑฐ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ธํ”„๋ผ ํŽ€๋“œ๋“ค์ด ์ธํ”„๋ผ ์ž์‚ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ธํ”„๋ผ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ฃผ์‹์— ํˆฌ์žํ•ด์„œ ์ƒ๊ธด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด์Šˆ์™€ ๋ณ„๊ฐœ๋กœ ํ•ด์™ธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ธํ”„๋ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธํ”„๋ผ ์ž์‚ฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์— ์ค€ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ ์šฉ๋„๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์‹ ์šฉ๋„๋Š” ์ƒํ™˜๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์™ธ์— ์ƒํ™˜์˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธ‰๋ณด์ฆํ•œ ์ธํ”„๋ผ ์ž์‚ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒํ™˜์žฌ์›์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ธˆ์„ ์˜ฌ๋ ค์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์„ธ๊ธˆ ์ €ํ•ญ์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฑฐ์ง€๋ฉด ์ฑ„๋ฌด๋ถˆ์ดํ–‰์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฑ„๋ฌด๋ถˆ์ดํ–‰์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ฑ„๋ฌด์žฌ์กฐ์ •๊ณผ equity ์ˆ˜์ต ์ถ•์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ์ด์ฃ .

์ธํ”„๋ผ ํˆฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์žฅ๊ธฐ ํˆฌ์ž์ž„์„ ๊ณ ๋ ค ์‹œ ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ฏผ๋„ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

□ ์˜๊ฒฌ

์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ๋ถ€์„์ด ์•„๋‹Œ, ๋‹จํŽธ์ ์ธ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์˜๊ฒฌ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋Š” ๊ฑด์ „ํ•œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ธ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒ ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ค‘๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ˆœํ™˜์ ์ธ ํ›„๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์นจ์ฒด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋„๋ž˜ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ๋†’์•„ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๋ณ€ํ™”๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ์žฅ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์ค‘์žฅ๊ธฐ ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ํž˜๋“  ์‹œ์žฅ์ด ์ง€์†๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ง€๊ธˆ ์‹œ์ ์— ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋œฌ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„ ์žก๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋А๊ปด์งˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๋งˆ์ €๋„ ๊ท€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•  ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Image: The Statue of Ceres, the goddess of harvest
Date: circa 1615
Artist: Peter Paul Rubens (1577–1640)
Source: Wikimedia Commons in the public domain
https://commons.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_The_Statue_of_Ceres_-_WGA20284.jpg


์„€๋„์šฐ ํ—Œํ„ฐ์Šค: ๋ผˆ์˜ ๋„์‹œ

์„€๋„์šฐ ํ—Œํ„ฐ์Šค: ๋ผˆ์˜ ๋„์‹œ (The Mortal Instruments: City of Bones, 2013)

์นด์‚ฐ๋“œ๋ผ ํด๋ ˆ์–ด(Cassandra Clare)๊ฐ€ ์ง€์€ ์„€๋„์šฐ ํ—Œํ„ฐ์Šค ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ธ ๋™๋ช…์˜ ์ฑ…์„ ์›์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋กœ๋งจ์Šค ํ™˜ํƒ€์ง€ ์˜ํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์žฅ๋ฅด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํŠธ์™€์ผ๋ผ์ž‡ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ(The Twilight Saga, 2008~2012)์™€ ๋น„๊ต๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๋™ ์˜ํ™”๋Š” ํŠธ์™€์ผ๋ผ์ž‡ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ํฅํ–‰์— ์ฐธํŒจํ•˜์ฃ . ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ด๋ฏธ ์›์ž‘ ํŒฌ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ๋„ ๋ฐ˜๋ฐœ์ด ์‹ฌํ–ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋„ค์š”. 2014๋…„ ๊ฐœ๋ด‰ ์˜ˆ์ •์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ์†ํŽธ๋„ ๋ณธ ์˜ํ™” ํฅํ–‰ ์ฐธํŒจ ํ›„ ์ทจ์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ค„๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ณ  ์™€๋‹ฟ์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์‚ฐ๋งŒํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ํ‰์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ค„๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์—ฐ์ถœ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ  ์•„์‰ฌ์šด ์˜ํ™”์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋А ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ด๋ผ(The Mummy, 2017)๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ฃ . ๋ฏธ์ด๋ผ๋„ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ๋“ญ๋˜๋ฉด ์˜จ๊ฐ– ๊ดด๋ฌผ, ๋˜๋Š” ์ดˆ์ž์—ฐ์ ์ธ ์กด์žฌ๋“ค์ด ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ํ†ฐ ํฌ๋ฃจ์ฆˆ(Tom Cruise)๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์˜ ์ฃผ์—ฐ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋Ÿญ์ €๋Ÿญ ๋‚˜์˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ค„๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—๋„ ํ’€์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ์žฅ๋ฉด ์žฅ๋ฉด์ด ์ง€๋ฃจํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋А๊ปด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฑ€ํŒŒ์ด์–ด, ๋Š‘๋Œ€์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋“ฑ์ด ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ด ์˜ํ™”๋„ ์žฅ๋ฉด ์žฅ๋ฉด๋“ค์ด ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•ด์„œ ์ง€๋ฃจํ•จ์„ ์ฃผ์ฃ .

์ฐธ๊ณ ๋กœ ์ƒˆ๋„์šฐ ํ—Œํ„ฐ์Šค ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ(Shadowhunters: The Mortal Instruments, 2016~)๋Š” 2016๋…„์—
 TV ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘๋˜์–ด ABC Family์—์„œ ๋ฐฉ์†ก์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2018๋…„ ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ฆŒ 3๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด 43ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ์˜๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ 55ํ™”๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜ˆ๊ณ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์‹œ์ฆŒ 1์—์„œ๋Š” ์ €์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์ œ์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด CG ํ€„๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ์ง€๋งŒ ์‹œ์ฆŒ 2๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š” ๊ฝค ๋ณด์™„์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋„ค์š”. ์„ฑ์  ๋ฐ ์ธ์ข…์  ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜์—ฌ 2017๋…„ GLAAD ์–ด์›Œ๋“œ ์ตœ์šฐ์ˆ˜ ๋“œ๋ผ๋งˆ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ๋กœ ์„ ์ •๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Directed by: Harald Zwart
Produced by: Don Carmody, Robert Kulzer
Based on: City of Bones by Cassandra Clare
Starring: Lily Collins, Jamie Campbell Bower, Robert Sheehan
Production company: Constantin Film Produktion GmbH, Don Carmody Productions, Unique Features
Distributed by: Screen Gems (US), Entertainment One (CA/UK)
Release date: August 21, 2013
Running time: 130 minutes
Country: Canada, Germany
Language: English
Budget: $60 million
Box office: $90.6 million


September 28, 2018

ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ธ ํ•˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ

ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ธ ํ•˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ (The Hurricane Heist, 2018)

1992๋…„ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ธ ์•ค๋“œ๋ฃจ(Andrew)๊ฐ€
์•Œ๋ผ๋ฐ”๋งˆ์ฃผ(Alabama) ๊ฑธํ”„ํฌํŠธ(Gulfport)๋ฅผ ๋ฎ์ณ์„œ ์ธ๋ช…ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ž…ํžŒ์ง€ 25๋…„.

ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ธ ํƒœ๋ฏธ(Tammy)๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 25๋…„์ „์˜ ์•„ํ”ˆ ๊ธฐ์–ต์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑธํ”„ํฌํŠธ์˜ ๋ณด์•ˆ๊ด€๋“ค์€ ์•ฝํ•  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ํƒœํ’์—๋„ ์•ˆ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งˆ์„์„ ๋น„์šฐ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ดํ‹ˆ์„ ํƒ€์„œ ํ๊ธฐ์˜ˆ์ •์ธ ์กฐํ๊ตญ ๊ฑธํ”„ํฌํŠธ ์‹œ์„ค์˜ ํ™”ํ๋ฅผ ๋…ธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์กฐ์ง์ด ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•œํŽธ ๊ฑธํ”„ํฌํŠธ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์—์„œ ํƒœํ’์„ ๊ด€์ธกํ•˜๋˜ ๊ธฐ์ƒํ•™์ž ์œŒ(Toby Kebbell as Will Rutledge)์€ ํƒœ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์ตœ์•…์˜ ํƒœํ’์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ๊ณต์ธ ํ˜• ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ(Ryan Kwanten as Breeze Rutledge)์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ฃ .

์˜ˆ์ „์— ํ•„๋“œ์š”์›์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์•ฝํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์œ ํƒ€์‚ฌ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์ „์šฐ๋ฅผ ์žƒ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ํŒŒ์‡„๋‹ด๋‹น ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋งก๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์š”์›, ์ผ€์ด์‹œ ์ฝ”๋นˆ(Maggie Grace as Casey Corbyn). ๊ณ ์žฅ๋‚œ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์น˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ๊ณต์„ ์ฐพ์€ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์กฐ์ง์„ ๋ง‰์„ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด  ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๋‘ ํ˜•์ œ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์กฐ์ง์„ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์‚ฌํˆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์žฅ๋งˆ์ฒ ์— ๊ฐœ๋ด‰๋˜์–ด ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ์—์„œ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ํ‰๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ํฅํ–‰์— ์‹คํŒจํ•œ ์˜ํ™” ํ•˜๋“œ๋ ˆ์ธ(Hard Rain, 1998)์„ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ธ ํ•˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ธ์€ ํ•˜๋“œ๋ ˆ์ธ์˜ ๋น„๋ณด๋‹ค ํฐ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ์ „๊ฐœ ์†์— ๋‹ค์†Œ ์–ต์ง€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋„ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์ดˆ์œ ์˜ ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ธ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋งž๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ๊ธด์žฅ๊ฐ์„ ๋”ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ž˜ ํ•ด๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Directed by: Rob Cohen
Produced by: Karen Elise Baldwin, Moshe Diamant, Christopher Milburn, Danny Roth, Michael Tadross Jr, Damiano Tucci
Starring: Toby Kebbell, Maggie Grace, Ryan Kwanten
Production company: Foresight Unlimited, Parkside Pictures, Windfall Productions, Tadross Media Group
Distributed by: Entertainment Studios Motion Pictures
Release date: March 9, 2018
Running time: 103 minutes
Country: United States
Language: English
Budget: $35–40 million


๋ธŒ๋ ˆ์ดํ‚น ์ธ

๋ธŒ๋ ˆ์ดํ‚น ์ธ (Breaking In, 2018)

์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์˜ ์ฃฝ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์ฒ˜๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์˜ ์ง‘. ์ง‘์„ ๋‚ด๋†“๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฃผ๋ง์— ์ฐพ์•„๊ฐ„ ์ˆ€๊ณผ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋ฌด๋‹จ์นจ์ž…ํ•œ ๊ดดํ•œ๋“ค์„ ๋งˆ์ฃผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ธ์งˆ๋กœ ์žกํžŒ ์•„์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ˆ€์˜ ํ™œ์•ฝ์ด ์ง‘์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ•œ์ •๋œ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ํŽผ์ณ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ์ •๋œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต์ด ์•…๋‹น๋“ค์˜ ๋ˆˆ์„ ํ”ผํ•ด ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์ดํ•˜๋“œ ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์˜ํ™”๊ฐ™๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋‚˜ ๊ธด์žฅ๊ฐ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์ดํ•˜๋“œ์—  ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ผญ ๋ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ํ™”๋ผ๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ณผ๋งŒํ•œ ์˜ํ™”์ •๋„.

Directed by: James McTeigue
Produced by: Gabrielle Union, James Lopez, Craig Perry, Sheila Hanahan Taylor, Will Packer
Starring: Gabrielle Union, Billy Burke
Production company: Will Packer Productions, Practical Pictures
Distributed by: Universal Pictures
Release date: May 11, 2018
Running time: 88 minutes
Country: United States
Language: English
Budget: $6 million



์Šคํƒ ๋ฐ”์ด, ์›ฌ๋””

์Šคํƒ ๋ฐ”์ด, ์›ฌ๋”” (Please Stand By, 2017)

์žํ์ฆ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”(autistic) ์†Œ๋…€ ์›ฌ๋””(Dakota Fanning as Wendy). ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์Šคํƒ€ํŠธ๋ ‰(Star Trek)์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์–ด๋А๋‚  ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์Šคํƒ€ํŠธ๋ ‰ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค ๊ณต๋ชจ์ „. ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด์— ์‘๋ชจํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋ฐ”๋žจ์€ ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ๋กœ์Šค์•ค์ ค๋ ˆ์Šค๋กœ ๋– ๋‚˜๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ํ‹€์—๋งŒ ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๋ชจํ—˜์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์ฃ . ๊ทธ ์—ฌ์ • ์†์— ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋„์™€์ฃผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ณ , ์†์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ฉฐ, ์›ฌ๋””๋Š” ์ ์ฐจ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ™• ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋”๋ผ๋„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ.

์˜ํ™”๋Š” ๊ณ„์† ์ž”์ž”ํžˆ ํ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๋ฃจํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋ฃจํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š๊ณ , ๋จธ๋ฆฌ ์•„ํ”„์ง€๋„ ์•Š๊ณ , ์ž๊ทน์ ์ด์ง€๋„ ์•Š๊ณ , ๋งˆ์Œ ์กธ์ด์ง€๋„ ์•Š๊ณ , ์ฐœ์ฐœํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด์„œ ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต ์›ฌ๋””๋ฅผ ์กฐ์šฉํžˆ ์‘์›ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ด๋ฐฑํ•œ ์˜ํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Directed by: Ben Lewin
Produced by: Lara Alameddine, Daniel Dubiecki
Starring: Dakota Fanning, Toni Collette, Alice Eve
Distributed by: Magnolia Pictures
Release date: October 27, 2017 (Austin), January 26, 2018 (United States)
Running time: 93 minutes
Country: United States
Language: English


์žฅ์šฐ์„  ๋ถ€์‚ฐ์–ด๋ฌต ์ฒญ์ฃผ์„œ๋ฌธ์ 

์žฅ์šฐ์„  ๋ถ€์‚ฐ์–ด๋ฌต ์ฒญ์ฃผ์„œ๋ฌธ์ 

์ฃผ์†Œ: ์ถฉ์ฒญ๋ถ๋„ ์ฒญ์ฃผ์‹œ ์ƒ๋‹น๊ตฌ ์ƒ๋‹น๋กœ81๋ฒˆ๊ธธ 64 2๋™ 1์ธต (์„œ๋ฌธ๋™)

CGV ์ฒญ์ฃผ์„œ๋ฌธ ์•ž์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋ฌต ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ์ ์€ ๋ถ€์‚ฐ ๋ถ€ํ‰๋™์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋งค์šด์–ด๋ฌต๊ณผ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์–ด๋ฌต์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋งค์šด์–ด๋ฌต์œผ๋กœ. ๊ธธ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ํŒŒ๋Š” ์–ด๋ฌต์น˜๊ณ ๋Š” ๋น„์‹ผ ํŽธ์ด๊ธด ํ•œ๋ฐ, ๋ง›์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.




September 27, 2018

ํ•ญ์•„๋ฆฌ๋ณด์Œˆ ์ฒญ์ฃผ๊ธˆ์ฒœ์ 

ํ•ญ์•„๋ฆฌ๋ณด์Œˆ ์ฒญ์ฃผ๊ธˆ์ฒœ์ 

์ฃผ์†Œ: ์ถฉ๋ถ ์ฒญ์ฃผ์‹œ ์ƒ๋‹น๊ตฌ ์ค‘๊ณ ๊ฐœ๋กœ 297 (๊ธˆ์ฒœ๋™ 219-1)

๋ง›๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์–‘๋„ ํ‘ธ์งํ•œ ๋ณด์Œˆ์ง‘์ธ ๋ฐ•๊ฒฝ๊ทœ ํ•ญ์•„๋ฆฌ๋ณด์Œˆ ์ฒญ์ฃผ๊ธˆ์ฒœ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์„œ์šธ์„ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉด ๊ฐ€์„ฑ๋น„๋Š” ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.